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春秋元命苞云.律之爲言率也.續漢書云.律.術也.律書云.呂.序也.序述四時之氣.定十二月之位也.陰陽各六.合有十二.陽六爲律.陰六爲呂.律六者.黃鍾.大蔟.姑洗.蕤賓.夷則.無射也.呂六者.林鐘.南呂.應鐘.大呂.夾鐘.仲呂也.史記云.律曆者.天所以運五行八正之氣.成熟萬物也.帝王世紀云.黃帝使伶倫於大夏之西.崑崙之陰.取竹解谷.其竅厚均者.斷兩節閒吹之.以爲黃鐘之管.以象鳳鳴.雌雄各六.以定律呂.以分星次.伶洲鳩曰.律.所以立均出度也.故云.紀以三.平以六.成以十二.天之道也.此六中之元.古之神瞽.考中聲而量之.以制度律.均鐘.故名黃鐘.所以宣養六氣.二曰太蔟.所以金奏.乃贊陽出滯.三曰姑洗.所以修潔百物.考神納賓.四曰蕤賓.所以安靜神人.獻酬交酢.五曰夷則.所以詠歌九則.平民無貳.六曰無射.所以宣布哲人之令德.示民軌儀.爲之六閒.以揚沈伏而黜散越.元閒大呂.助宣物也.二閒夾鐘.出四隟之細.三間中呂.宣中氣也.四閒林鐘.和展百事.俾莫不任肅純恪也.五閒南呂.贊陽秀也.六間應鐘.均利器用.俾應復也.律呂不易.無姦物也.三禮義宗云.律者.法也.言陽氣施生.各有其法.呂者.助也.助陽成功.一云.律.帥也.帥導陽氣.使之通達也.呂者.侶也.以對於陽.與之爲侶.亦呂距也.謂陰陽之氣.有時相距.明陽出則陰除.陰昇則陽損.故有相距之意.續漢書云.陽以圜爲形.其性動.陰以方爲節.其性静.動者數三.靜者數二.以陽生陰而倍之.以陰生陽半之.皆以三而一.陽生陰曰下生.陰生陽曰上生.皆參天兩地.圓蓋方覆.六偶承奇之道也.淮南子云.數始於一.一而不能生.故分爲陰.陰陽合而生萬物.故一生二.二生三.三生萬物.故三月爲一時.所以祭有三飯.喪有三踊.兵有三令.皆以三爲節.三三如九.故黃鐘之律九寸.而宮音調.因而以九之.九九八十一.黃鐘之數立焉.黃鐘之氣在子.十一月建焉.其辰在星紀.下生林鐘.林鐘之數五十四.氣在未.六月建焉.其辰鶉火.上生大蔟.大蔟之數七十二.氣在寅.正月建焉.其辰諏訾.下生南呂.南呂之數四十八.氣在酉.八月建焉.其辰壽星.上生姑洗.姑洗之數六十四.氣在辰.三月建焉.其辰大梁.下生應鐘.應鐘之數四十二.氣在亥.十月建焉.其辰析木.上生蕤賓.蕤賓之數五十六.氣在午.五月建焉.其辰鶉首.上生大呂.大呂之數七十六.氣在丑.十二月建焉.其辰玄枵.下生夷則.夷則之數五十一.氣在申.七月建焉.其辰鶉尾.上生夾鐘.夾鐘之數六十八.氣在卯.二月建焉.其辰降婁.下生無射.無射之數四十五.氣在戌.九月建焉.其辰大火.上生中呂.中呂之數六十.氣在巳.四月建焉.其辰實沈.辰之與建.交錯爲表裏.卽其合.然相生以乾坤六體爲之.黃鐘初九.下生林鐘.初六.又上生大蔟.樂緯云.黃鐘中宮.數八十一.以天一地二人三之數.以增減律.成五音.中和之氣.增治上生.減治下生.上生者.三分益一.下生者三分減一.益者.以四乘之.以三除之.減者.以二乘之.以三除之.三禮義宗云.凡黃鐘之管.本長九寸.所以九者.陽數之極也.數之所起.起自於三.三才天地人之道合成數.故曰三才.是以天地人各有三數.陽得兼三.故稱九.陰但兼二.故稱六.以陽得氣兼三.故因而三之.三三如九.故陽數九爲極.所以管用九寸.以度陽氣.陽氣應時而發.此自然神驗者也.又上生大蔟.九二.又下生南呂.六二.又上生姑洗.九三.又下生應鐘.六三.又上生蕤賓.九四.又下生大呂.六四.又上生夷則.九五.又下生夾鐘.六五.又上生無射.上九.又下生中呂.上六.所以同位象夫妻.異位象母子.所謂律娶妻而呂生子者也.白虎通曰.黃鐘何.黃.中和之氣.鐘者.動也.言陽於黃泉之下動萬物也.淮南子云.黃.土色.鐘者.氣之所動.黃鐘爲君.冬至得之.三禮義宗云.鐘.應也.言陽氣潛動於黃泉之下.應養萬物.萌牙欲出.大呂.大者.太也.呂者.距也.言陽氣欲出.陰距難也.淮南子云.呂者.旅也.旅而去也.三禮義宗云.呂.助也.十二月陽方生長.陰氣助之.生育之功.其道廣大也.故一云.呂者.侶也.與陽爲侶.對生萬物.大蔟.言萬物始大.湊地而出也.淮南子云.萬物蔟而未出也.三禮義宗云.蔟者.湊之義也.正月之時.萬物始大.蔟地而出.夾鐘者.言萬物孚甲種類而出也.淮南子云.種始夾也.三禮義宗云.夾者.佐也.二月之中.物未盡出.陰佐陽氣.應時而出.一云.夾者.俠也.言萬物爲孚甲所俠.至此方解.鐘應而出.姑洗者.姑者.古也.洗者.鮮也.萬物去故就新.莫不鮮明也.淮南子云.姑洗.陳去而新來也.三禮義宗云.姑者.枯也.洗濯之義.三月物生新潔.洗除其枯也.中呂者.萬物當中皆出也.淮南子云.中.宛也.三禮義宗云.呂者.距難之義.言陰欲出.陽氣在於中距執之.一云.呂者.四月之時.陽氣盛長.陰助功微.故云爾.蕤賓者.蕤.下也.賓.敬也.言陽氣下降.故敬之也.淮南子云.蕤賓.安而服也.三禮義宗云.蕤者.垂下之義.賓者.敬也.五月陽氣下降.陰氣始起.共相賓敬.林鐘者.林.衆也.萬物成熟.種類衆多也.淮南子云.林鐘.引而止之也.三禮義宗云.林.茂盛也.六月之中.物皆盛茂.聚積於野.故爲林也.夷則者.夷.傷也.則.法也.言萬物始傷.被刑法也.淮南子云.夷則.易其則也.三禮義宗云.夷.平也.則.法也.七月.萬物將成.平均結實.皆有法則德吉也.南呂者.南.任也.言陽氣有任生孳長也.淮南子云.南呂者.任苞大也.三禮義宗云.南.任也.八月之中.物皆含秀.有懷任之象.助成功之義.無射者.射.終也.言萬物隨陽而終.當復隨陰而起.無終已也.淮南子云.無射者.人之無厭也.三禮義宗云.射.厭也.厭惡之義.九月物皆成實.無可厭惡.應鐘者.言萬物應時而鐘下藏也.淮南子云.應其所鐘.三禮義宗云.十月之時.歲功皆成.陰氣之用.應陽之功.收而聚積.故云鐘也.亦云.應者.應和之義.言此時將復應陽氣而動於下也.樂緯云.黃鐘爲宮.林鐘爲徵.大簇爲商.南呂爲羽.姑洗爲角.應鐘爲變宮.蕤賓爲變徵.以次配之.五音備矣.黃鐘下生林鐘.故林鐘爲徵.次黃鐘.林鐘上生大簇.故大簇爲商.次林鐘.大簇下生南呂.故南呂爲羽.次大簇.南呂上生姑洗.故姑洗爲角.次南呂.姑洗下生應鐘.故應鐘爲變宮.次姑洗.應鐘上生蕤賓.故蕤賓爲變徵.凡有七音圜相爲宮.七音者.蓋以相生數七故也.始黃鐘生林鐘.自十二月至六月.凡七月也.服虔解云.七律爲七音.外傳解云.武王克商.歲在鶉火.日在天駟.鶉火去天駟凡七宿.又地辰日在甲子.從子至午又七.天象.地辰.其數皆七.聖人以律同其數.以聲招之.故以七音.樂以七律配七始.故以定三元四時.故黃鐘以配天.林鐘以配地.大簇以配人.姑洗以配春.蕤賓以配夏.南呂以配秋.應鐘以配冬.凡三元者.周以建子月爲天正.故黄鐘之管配之.殷以建丑月爲地正.應以大呂之管配之.但陰數偶.未土王.又爲天社.故取其衝.應地之氣.以林鐘之管配之.夏以建寅月爲人正.故大簇之管配之.夫陽徳自處.故以卽位爲正.陰德在他.故取其衝.漢書律曆志云.三元者.天施.地化.人事之紀也.十一月.乾之初九.陽氣伏於地下.始著爲一.萬物萌動.鐘於太陰.故黃鐘爲天元.律長九寸.九者.所以窮極中和.爲萬物之元也.易曰.立天之道.曰陰與陽是也.六月.坤之初六.陰氣受任於太陽.繼養化軟.萬物生長.楙之.未令種剛強大.故林鐘爲地元.律長六寸.六者.所以陰承陽之施.楙之於六合之内.令剛柔有體也.立地之道.曰柔與剛是也.乾知大始.坤作成物.正月.乾之九三.萬物棣通.簇出於寅.人奉而成之.仁以養之.義以行之.令事物各得其理.寅.木也.爲仁.其聲.商也.爲義.故大簇爲人元.律長八寸.八象於卦.庖羲氏之所以順天地.通神明.類萬物之情也.立人之道.曰仁與義是也.在天成象.在地成形.后以裁成天地人道.是爲三元.律之始也.感精符云.十一月.建子.天始施之端.謂之天統.周正服色尚赤.象物萌色赤也.十二月.建丑.地始化之端.謂之地統.殷正服色尚白.象物牙色白.正月.建寅.人始化之端.謂之人統.夏正服色尚黑.象物生色黑也.此三正律者.亦以五德相承.以前三皇爲正.謂天皇.地皇.人皇.皆以天地人爲法.周而復始.其歲首所書.乃因以爲名.欲體三才之道.而君臨萬邦.故受天命而王者.必調六律而改正朔.受五氣而易服色.法三正之道也.周以天統.服色尚赤者.陽道尚左.故天左旋.周以木德王.火是其子.火色赤左行.用其赤色也.殷以地統.服色尚白者.陰道尚右.其行右轉.殷以水德王.金是其母.金色白.故右行.用其白色.夏以人統.服色尚黑者.人亦尚左.夏以金德王.水是其子.水色黑.故左行.用其黑色.又云.帝王之興.多從符瑞.周感赤雀.故尚赤.殷致白狼.故尚白.夏錫元珪.故尚黑.此皆先兆氣王之符.子母相助之義.如漢以火德鎮星之精.降爲黃石.授子房以兵信.助沛公而滅楚.非五運之色.相扶爲用.孔子云.夏正得天.此謂得天道四時之氣.應八節生殺之期也.故云.行夏之時.乘殷之輅.服周之冕.兼三代而爲法.蓋取其可久者也.秦以建亥之月而爲歲首.漢初.因秦正朔.自魏已後.自用夏正.至今無改.以其得天氣也.又.遁甲.太乙九宮元辰.皆有三元.竝起甲子.初爲天元.盡六甲.次甲子爲地元.又次甲子爲人元.遁甲以冬夏二至後.甲己之日.夜半時.爲甲子元首.三元各分爲三.故一百八十日爲元卒.陰陽兩道.盡一歲之用.太一以初元甲子六十年爲一紀.次甲子爲第二紀.滿六紀三百三十年爲一周.九宮別以己亥爲元首.分爲五元.初己亥六十年爲天元.次己亥六十年爲地元.次己亥六十年爲人元.次己亥六十年爲河元.次己亥六十年爲海元.九年一周.四九三十六.亦周六甲之大數也.三元正朔.竝從律呂.應歷定時.皆配五行.故同此釋.
Overall Paraphrased Translation
Lü-Lü is the core of the ancient Chinese tonal system, using twelve pitch standards to correspond to the twelve months of the year, reflecting the waxing and waning of Yin and Yang energies 🌱🔥. The six Lü belong to Yang, and the six Lü belong to Yin, together forming the rhythmic framework of all things in heaven and earth. Huang Zhong (Yellow Bell) is the first Lü, symbolizing the initial emergence of Yang energy; Lin Zhong (Forest Bell) is the first Lü, representing the supportive role of Yin energy. Through the method of "three-part损益" (adding one-third when ascending, subtracting one-third when descending), the pipe lengths are calculated, forming the mathematical relationships of the twelve Lü-Lü. They are not only used for musical tuning but are also deeply intertwined with the calendar, solar terms, the Five Elements, constellations, and even the legitimacy of dynasties, reflecting the cosmological concept of "harmony between heaven and humanity" 🌍⚖️.
Associated Concepts:
Further Reading:
Modern Research:
(Note: This chapter is a theoretical exposition with no specific case studies, so no component tags need to be inserted.)