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论天干宜忌
《滴天髓》云：甲木参天，脱胎要火。春不容金，秋不容土。火炽乘龙，水宕骑虎。地润天和，植立千古。
纯阳之木，参天雄壮。火者木之子也，旺木得火而愈敷荣。生于春则欺金，而不能容金也；生于秋则助金，而不能容土也。寅午戌，丙丁多见而坐辰，则能归；申子辰，壬癸多见而坐寅，则能纳。使土气不干，水气不消，则能长生矣。
乙木虽柔，刲羊解牛。怀丁抱丙，跨凤乘猴。虚湿之地，骑马亦忧。藤萝系甲，可春可秋。
乙木者，生于春如桃李，夏如禾稼，秋如桐桂，冬如奇葩。坐丑未能制柔土，如割宰羊、解割牛然，只要有一丙丁，则虽生申酉之月，亦不胃之；生于子月，而又壬癸发透者，则虽坐午，亦能发生。故益知坐丑未月之为美。甲与寅字多见，弟从兄义，譬之藤萝附乔木，不畏斫伐也。
丙火猛烈，欺霜侮雪。能煅庚金，逢辛反怯。土众成慈，水猖显节。虎马犬乡，甲木若来，必当焚灭（一本作虎马犬乡，甲来成灭）。
火阳精也，丙火灼阳之至，故猛烈，不畏秋而欺霜，不畏冬而侮雪。庚金虽顽，力能煅之，辛金本柔，合而反弱。土其子也，见戊己多而成慈爱之德；水其君也，遇壬癸旺而显忠节之风。至于未遂炎上之性，而遇寅午戌三位者，露甲木则燥而焚灭也。
丁火柔中，内性昭融。抱乙而孝，合壬而忠。旺而不烈，衰而不穷，如有嫡母，可秋可冬。
丁干属阴，火性虽阴，柔而得其中矣。外柔顺而内文明，内性岂不昭融乎？乙非丁之嫡母也，乙畏辛而辛抱之，不若丙抱甲而反能焚甲木也，不若乙抱丁而反能晦丁火也，其孝异乎人矣。壬为丁之正君也，壬畏戊而丁合之，外则抚恤戊土，能使戊土不欺壬也，内则暗化木神，而使戊土不敢抗乎壬也，其忠异乎人矣。生于秋冬，得一甲木，则倚之不灭，而焰至无穷也，故曰可秋可冬。皆柔之道也。
戊土固重，既中且正。静翕动辟，万物司命。水润物生，火燥物病。若在艮坤，怕冲宜静。
戊土非城墙堤岸之谓也，较己特高厚刚燥，乃己土发源之地，得乎中气而且正大矣。春夏则气辟而生万物，秋冬则气翕而成万物，故为万物之司命也。其气属阳，喜润不喜燥，坐寅怕申，坐申怕寅。盖冲则根动，非地道之正也，故宜静。
按：今人每以戊土为城墙堤岸之土，谓不能发生万物，读此便知其误。若夫水润物生，火燥物病二句，其义重润字、燥字、非谓戊土不宜见火，只宜见水也。若四柱水多，必须火喧，不可以燥言；四柱火多，必须水润，不可以湿言。明乎此理，不独可以论戊土，而己土亦可以类推。
己土卑湿，中正蓄藏。不愁木盛，不畏水狂。火少火晦，金多金光。若要物旺，宜助宜帮。
己土卑薄软湿，乃戊土枝叶之地，亦主中正而能蓄藏万物。柔土能生木，非木所能克，故不愁木盛；土深而能纳水，非水所能荡，故不畏水狂。无根之火，不能生湿土，故火少而火反晦；湿土能润金气，故金多而金光彩，反清莹可观。此其无为而有为之妙用。若要万物充盛长旺，惟土势深固，又得火气暖和方可。
庚金带煞，刚健为最。得水而清，得火而锐。土润则生，土干则脆。能赢甲兄，输于乙妹。
庚金乃天上之太白，带杀而刚健。健而得水，则气流而清；刚而得火，则气纯而锐。有水之土，能全其生；有火之土，能使其脆。甲木虽强，力足伐之；乙木虽柔，合而反弱。
辛金软弱，温润而清。畏土之叠，乐水之盈。能扶社稷，能救生灵。热则喜母，寒则喜丁。
辛乃阴金，非珠玉之谓也。凡温软清润者，皆辛金也。戊己土多而能埋，故畏之；壬癸水多而必秀，故乐之。辛为丙之臣也，合丙化水，使丙火臣服壬水，而安扶社稷；辛为甲之君也，合丙化水，使丙火不焚甲木，而救援生灵。生于九夏而得己土，则能晦火而存之；生于隆冬而得丁火，则能敌寒而养之。故辛金生于冬月，见丙火则男命不贵，虽贵亦不忠；女命克夫，不克亦不和。见丁男女皆贵且顺。
按：辛金软弱，似如庚金刚健不同。然寒则喜丁，亦有非火不为功者，今人泥辛为珠玉之说，概为忌火毁伤，岂不谬甚。
壬水通河，能泄金气，刚中之德，周流不滞。通根透癸，冲天奔地。化则有情，从则相济。
壬水即癸水之发源，昆仑之水也；癸水即壬水之归宿，扶桑之水也。有分有合，运行不息，所以为百川者此也，亦为雨露者此也，是不可歧而二之。申为天关，乃天河之口，壬水长生于此，能泄西方金气。周流之性，冲进不滞，刚中之德犹然也。若申子辰全而又透癸，则其势冲奔，不可遏也。如东海本发端于天河，复成水患，命中遇之，若无财官者，其祸当何如哉！合丁化木，又生丁火，则可谓有情；能制丙火，不使其夺丁之爱，故为夫义而为君仁。生于九夏，则巳、午、未、申火土之气，得壬水熏蒸而成雨露，故虽从火土，未尝不相济也。
癸水至弱，达于天津。得龙而运，功化斯神。不愁火土，不论庚辛。合戊见火，化象斯真。
癸水乃阴之纯而至弱，故扶桑有弱水也。达于天津，随天而运，得龙以成云雨，乃能润泽万物，功化斯神。凡柱中有甲乙寅卯，皆能运水气，生木制火，润土养金，定为贵格，火土虽多不畏。至于庚金，则不赖蜞生，亦不忌其多。惟合戊土化火也，戊生寅，癸生卯，皆属东方，故能生火。此固一说也，不知地不满东南，戊土之极处，即癸水之尽处，乃太阳起方也，故化火。凡戊癸得丙丁透者，不论衰旺，秋冬皆能化火，最为真也。
This chapter systematically explains the intrinsic characteristics, interactions, preferences, and taboos of the ten heavenly stems. It condenses the essence of the Five Elements through poetic verses and reveals the patterns of interaction between the stems using natural phenomena. Below is a modern interpretation in plain language:
Jia Wood reaches for the sky; it needs fire to thrive. In spring, it rejects metal; in autumn, it cannot restrain earth. When fire rages, it rides the dragon; when water overflows, it mounts the tiger. With moist earth and harmonious heavens, it stands tall for millennia.
Jia Wood is like a towering tree 🌳, inherently strong. It requires fire (the child of wood) to foster growth and prosperity. In spring, when wood is旺盛, it repels metal (metal restrains wood, but strong spring wood overpowers metal). In autumn, when metal is旺盛, wood is too weak to restrain earth (earth is drained by metal and cannot nourish wood). If fire is overly intense (Yin-Wu-Xu fire combination), it needs Chen earth to absorb the fire energy. If water is excessive (Shen-Zi-Chen water combination), it requires Yin wood to absorb the water energy. Only with balanced water and earth can it grow sustainably.
Core Concept 💡
Yang wood requires fire to grow, emphasizing dynamic balance.
Modern Interpretation 🌟
Practical Value ⚡
Team Management: Strong leaders (Jia Wood) need performance (fire) to support their authority. When resources are excessive (water旺盛), establish缓冲 mechanisms.
Philosophical Reflection 🤔 Strength must be tempered with wisdom; excess leads to breakage.
Yi Wood, though soft, can cut through sheep and oxen. Embracing Ding and Bing, it rides the phoenix and monkey. In damp and虚 environments, even riding the horse brings worry. Ivy clinging to Jia can thrive in spring and autumn.
Yi Wood is like ivy 🌱, flexible and resilient. It can restrain Chou and Wei earth (like cutting through sheep and oxen). With Bing and Ding fire shining, it fears not Shen and You metal. In winter, when water is旺盛, it requires Wu fire to regulate. Most importantly,依附 to Jia Wood (like ivy wrapping around a tree) allows it to thrive in all seasons.
Core Concept 💡 The way of flexibility lies in leveraging symbiotic relationships.
Modern Interpretation 🌟
Practical Value ⚡
Career Development: Choosing the right platform (Jia Wood) is more important than blind effort.
Bing Fire is fierce, scorching frost and snow. It can smelt Geng metal but fears Xin. With abundant earth, it shows kindness; with rampant water, it displays integrity. In the land of tiger, horse, and dog, if Jia Wood arrives, it will surely burn to extinction.
Bing Fire is like the sun 🔥, intense and powerful. It melts frost and snow, forges Geng metal, but loses its edge when combined with Xin metal. With ample earth, it shows kindness (fire generates earth). With excessive water, it displays integrity (water and fire balance each other). However, if fire is overly intense (Yin-Wu-Xu combination) and Jia Wood adds fuel, it will burn out of control.
Core Concept 💡 Excessive rigidity leads to breakage; know when to收敛.
Modern Interpretation 🌟
Practical Value ⚡
Project Management: When operating at full capacity, establish risk control mechanisms.
Ding Fire is gentle yet bright internally. Embracing Yi shows filial piety; combining with Ren shows loyalty.旺盛 without intensity, weak without exhaustion. With a嫡 mother, it can thrive in autumn and winter.
Ding Fire is like a candle 🕯️, soft on the outside but bright within. Protecting Yi Wood (restraining Xin metal) shows filial piety. Combining with Ren water (restraining Wu earth) shows loyalty. Its vitality is tenacious; with Jia Wood's support, it shines through all seasons.
Core Concept 💡 Softness overcomes hardness, concealing wisdom.
Modern Interpretation 🌟
Wu Earth is solid and heavy, balanced and upright. Stillness收敛, movement expands; it governs all life. Water moistens and nurtures; fire parches and causes illness. If in Gen or Kun, fear冲突, prefer stillness.
Wu Earth is like a mountain ⛰️,厚重 and upright. In stillness and movement, it nurtures all things. It prefers moisture and dislikes dryness (water nurtures/fire causes illness). Sitting on Yin, it fears Shen conflict (Yin-Shen clash); sitting on Shen, it fears Yin conflict. Stillness is preferred over movement.
Core Concept 💡 Stability is the foundation; disrupting balance undermines its core.
Modern Interpretation 🌟
Practical Value ⚡
Investment and Finance: Stable configurations (Wu Earth) require some liquidity (water).
Ji Earth is humble and moist, balanced and storing. It fears not abundant wood, nor rampant water. With little fire, it dims; with much metal, it shines. To make things flourish, it needs aid and support.
Ji Earth is like farmland 🌾, storing all things. It fears not wood restraint (soft earth nurtures wood), nor water flooding (absorbs floods). With weak fire, it turns dim; with abundant metal, it gains brilliance. It requires external help to maximize its value.
Core Concept 💡 Inclusion and transformation are core abilities.
Modern Interpretation 🌟
Geng Metal carries煞, utmost in rigidity and strength. With water, it becomes clear; with fire, it becomes sharp. Moist earth nurtures it; dry earth makes it brittle. It can defeat brother Jia but loses to sister Yi.
Geng Metal is like an axe ⚔️, rigid and煞-laden. Water tempers its edge; fire forges its sharpness. Moist earth nurtures it, while dry earth makes it brittle. It can overcome Jia Wood but loses to Yi Wood through combination.
Core Concept 💡 Rigidity requires tempering; softness overcomes hardness.
Modern Interpretation 🌟
Xin Metal is soft, warm, and clear. It fears piled-up earth but delights in abundant water. It can support the state and save lives. In heat, it likes mother; in cold, it likes Ding.
Xin Metal is like a jewel 💎, soft and clear. It fears excessive earth burying it but delights in water enhancing its beauty. It can harmonize Bing fire (combining to aid water) and rescue Jia Wood (restraining fire to preserve wood). In summer, it needs Ji earth to dim fire; in winter, it needs Ding fire to ward off cold.
Core Concept 💡 Softness saves the world, acting in accordance with trends.
Modern Interpretation 🌟
Ren Water flows like a river, able to drain metal's energy. Its virtue lies in rigidity and softness, flowing without stagnation. With roots reaching Gui, it surges heaven and earth. Transformation shows emotion; compliance achieves balance.
Ren Water is like a river 🌊, flowing endlessly. It drains metal's energy, embodying both rigidity and softness. If water is overly旺盛 (Shen-Zi-Chen combination with Gui透), it floods and causes disaster. Combining with Ding to transform into wood shows emotion; complying with fire and earth achieves balance.
Core Concept 💡 Flow generates value; excess causes harm.
Modern Interpretation 🌟
Gui Water is extremely soft, reaching the heavenly ford. With the dragon, it operates; its transformative power is divine. It fears not fire or earth, nor relies on Geng or Xin. Combining with Wu and meeting fire, the transformation is true.
Gui Water is like dew 💦, extremely soft yet reaching the heavens. With Chen dragon, it transforms all things. It fears not fire or earth and does not rely on Geng metal. Combining with Wu to transform into fire is most genuine (requires Bing or Ding to引导).
Core Concept 💡 Softness overcomes hardness, nurturing all things.
Modern Interpretation 🌟
Key Concepts:
Further Reading:
Modern Research:
Philosophical Summary: The ten heavenly stems reveal the concept of dynamic balance in Chinese philosophy—complementarity of rigidity and softness, transformation of strength and weakness, and environmental adaptability. Modern applications should focus on grasping their core spirit rather than mechanical application, emphasizing the ability to adapt to changing times and environments.