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原文标题：如何起卦
卦数起例
卦以八除，凡起卦不问数多少，即以八作卦数。过八数，即以八数退除，以零数作卦。如一八除不尽，再除二八、三八，直除尽八数，以零数作卦。如得八数整，即坤卦，更不必除也。
爻以六除
凡起动爻，以重卦总数除六，以零作动爻。如不满六，止用此数为动爻，不必再除。如过六数则除之，一六不尽，再除二六、三六，直除尽以零数作动爻。若一爻动，则看此一爻，是阳爻，则变阴爻，阴爻则变阳爻。取爻当以时加之。
互卦只用八卦，不必用六十四卦重名
互卦以重卦去了初爻及第六爻，以中间四爻分作两卦，看得何卦。又云：乾坤无互，互其变卦。
年月日时起例
年月日为上卦，年月日加时总为下卦。又以年月日时总数取爻。如子年一数，丑年二数，直至亥年十二数。月如正月一数，直至十二月亦作十二数。日数，如初一一数，直至三十日为三十数。以上年月日共计几数，以八除之，以零数作上卦。时如子时一数，直亥时为十二数。就将年月日时数总计几数，以八除之，零数作下卦，就以除六数作动爻。
物数占
凡见有可数之物，即以此数起作上卦，以时数配作下卦，即以卦数并时数，总除六，取动爻。
声音占
凡闻声音，数得几数，起作上卦，加时数配作下卦。又以声音，如闻动物鸣叫之声，或闻人敲击之声，皆可作数起卦。
字占
凡见字数，如停匀，即平分一半为上卦，一半为下卦，如字数不匀，即少一字为上卦，取“天轻清”之义；以多一字为下卦，取“地重浊”之义。
一字占；一字为太极未判，如草书混沌不明，不可得卦。如楷书则取其字画，以左为阳画，右为阴画。居左者看几数，取为上卦；居右者看几数，取为下卦。又以一字之阴阳全画取爻。彳、丿，此为左者；一、乙、丶，此为右者。
二字占；二字为两仪平分，以一字为上卦，以一字为下卦。
三字占；三字为三才，以一字为上卦，二字为下卦。
四字占；四字为四象，平分上下为卦。又四字以上下必数画数，只以平仄声音调之。平声为一数，上声为二数，去声为三数，入声为四数。
五字占；五字为五行，以二字为上卦，三字为下卦。
六字占；六字为六爻之集，平分上下为卦。
七字占；七字为齐七政，以三字为上卦，四字为下卦。
八字占；八字为八卦定位，平分上下为卦。
九字占；九字为九畴之义，以四字为上卦，五字为下卦。
十字占；十字为成数，平分上下为卦。
十一字占；十一字以上至于百字，皆可起卦。但十一字以上，又不用平仄声音调之，止用字数。如字数均平，则以半为上卦，以半为下卦，又合二卦总数取爻。
丈尺占
丈尺之物，以丈数为上卦，尺数为下卦，合丈尺之数取爻。寸数不用。
尺寸占
以尺数为上卦，寸数为下卦。合尺寸之数加时数取爻。分数不用。
为人占
凡为人占，其例不一，或听语声起卦，或观其人品，或取诸身，或取诸物，或因其服色、触其外物，或以年月日时，或以书写来意。
右听其语声音，如或一句，即如其字数分之起卦。如说两句，即用先一句为上卦，后一句为下卦。语多，则但用初听一句，或未后所闻一句，余句不用。
观其人品者，如老人为乾，少女为兑之类。
观诸其身者，如头动为乾，足动为震，目动为离之类。
取诸其物者，如人手中偶有何，如金玉及圆物之属为乾，土瓦及方物之属为坤之类。
因其服色者，如其人青衣为震，赤衣为离之类。
触其外物者，起卦之时，见水为坎卦，见火为离卦之类。
年月日时，如望梅之类推之。
书写来意者，其人来占，或写来意，则以其字占之。
自己占
凡自己欲占，以年月日时，或闻有声音，或观当时有所触之外物，皆可起卦。以上三例与前章《为人占》法同。
占动物
凡占群物之动不可起卦。如见一物则就此物为上卦，物来之方位为下卦，合物卦数及方位卦数加时数取爻。以此卦总断其物。如后天占牛鸣鸡叫之类。又凡牛马犬豕之类初生，则以初生年月日时占之。又或置买此物，亦可以初置买之时推之。
占静物
凡占静物，有如江河山石，不可起卦。若至屋宅树木之类，则屋宅初创之时，树木初置之时，皆可起卦。至于器，则置成之时可占，如枕椅之类是矣。作则无故不占。若《观梅》则见雀争枝坠地而占；《牡丹》则自有问而占；《茂树》则枝枯自坠而后占也。
Overall Interpretation
When casting a hexagram, the number is divided by eight 🌌. Regardless of the size of the number, eight is used as the base. If the number exceeds eight, divide it by eight and take the remainder as the hexagram number. If it is not divisible, continue dividing by eight until the remainder is less than eight. If the remainder is exactly eight, it corresponds to the Kun hexagram (Earth hexagram), and no further division is needed.
The moving line is determined by dividing by six ⚡. Divide the total number of the hexagram by six and take the remainder as the moving line. If the total number is less than six, use it directly as the moving line. If it exceeds six, divide by six and take the remainder. If the moving line is a Yang line, it changes to a Yin line, and vice versa, while also considering the time factor.
The mutual hexagram uses only the eight trigrams (e.g., Qian, Kun), not the full names of the 64 hexagrams. The mutual hexagram is formed by removing the first and sixth lines of the hexagram and dividing the middle four lines into two trigrams. Additionally, the Qian and Kun hexagrams do not have mutual hexagrams; instead, the transformed hexagram is used.
Year-Month-Day-Hour Method:
Object Number Divination:
For countable objects, use the quantity to determine the upper trigram, the time number to determine the lower trigram, and the total number divided by six to determine the moving line.
Sound Divination:
Upon hearing sounds, count the number of sounds to determine the upper trigram, and add the time number to determine the lower trigram. Sounds such as animal calls or human-made noises can be counted for hexagram casting.
Word Divination:
When observing text, if the number of characters is even, divide them equally into upper and lower trigrams. If uneven, use the smaller number for the upper trigram (symbolizing the lightness of heaven) and the larger number for the lower trigram (symbolizing the heaviness of earth).
Measurement Divination:
Divination for Others:
Various methods:
Self-Divination:
Use the Year-Month-Day-Hour method, sounds, or external objects to cast a hexagram, following the same methods as divination for others.
Animal Divination:
Groups of animals are not used for hexagram casting; for a single animal, use the animal type for the upper trigram and its direction of approach for the lower trigram, adding the time to determine the line. Interpret the overall hexagram. Examples: divination based on a cow's moo or a chicken's crow. Alternatively, use the birth year-month-day-hour or the time of purchase.
Static Object Divination:
Natural features like rivers, mountains, or rocks are not used for hexagram casting; for houses or trees, use the time of construction or planting; for objects, use the time of creation, such as pillows or chairs. Divination is not performed without reason. Exceptions include divination based on observed events, such as sparrows fighting on a branch and falling (as in "Observing Plum Blossoms"), divination upon inquiry (as in "Peonies"), or divination after a tree branch withers and falls (as in "Lush Trees").
Core Concept 💡
The essence of hexagram casting lies in the symbolic transformation of numbers and phenomena, converting real-world quantities, sounds, words, etc., into Yi Jing hexagrams. Through division and remainders, the hexagram lines are determined, reflecting the unity of "image, number, and principle" in Yi studies. It emphasizes flexibility and context adaptability, using different methods for different situations, with the core being to capture the present "opportunity" (timing and signs).
Modern Interpretation 🌟
In a modern context, these hexagram-casting methods can be viewed as decision-making tools or reflective frameworks. For example:
In practice, it is advisable to combine logical analysis: For example, after casting a hexagram, avoid blind belief and instead use it as a brainstorming tool to list possible options and risks.
Practical Value ⚡
Avoid superstition: Treat it as a structured thinking exercise rather than a prophecy. Adopt an empirical attitude: Record hexagram results and compare them with actual outcomes to gradually refine the process.
Philosophical Reflection 🤔
Hexagram-casting methods embody the philosophy of "change" in Yi studies—the world's phenomena can be transformed into symbols, revealing complex relationships through simple rules (e.g., division by eight or six). This reflects the ancient view of the unity of heaven and humanity, where numbers are not just measurements but metaphors for cosmic order. From a modern perspective, this resembles "simplified models" in systems theory, using limited variables to capture infinite possibilities. Simultaneously, it emphasizes the importance of "timing" (e.g., adding time to determine lines), echoing modern emphasis on timing and context. Deep reflection: Hexagram casting is not about predicting fate but encouraging active participation in change through symbolic interaction, blending subjective and objective elements.
Related Knowledge 📚