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倒食即偏印之谓，一名吞啖煞，食神最忌见之。如甲生丙火为食，火能生土，为甲之财，财旺生金，为甲之官，食神生旺，财官备矣。今甲见壬为倒食者，壬旺则克了丙火，丙被克去，不能生土，甲无财矣；壬合起丁，伤甲之辛，甲无官矣；壬克去丙，庚煞得安，来伤甲木，甲生灾矣。所谓用食忌见者，此也。凡命带倒食，福薄寿夭，若有制合，如甲日见壬辰、壬戌，辰戌中带有土制丁合；乙日见癸未、癸丑，丑未中有己制癸；丙日见甲申，丁日见乙巳、乙酉，戊日见丙子、丙申、丙辰，己日见丁亥，庚日见戊寅、戊辰，辛日见己卯、己亥，壬日见庚午、庚戌，癸日见辛巳、辛未。此等偏印不能为食害，有克制故也。柱中身旺，财官俱生，可取为福助身，阳日逢之能暗合伤官生财，阴日逢之能暗合财星，柱中无食，只以偏印论。又曰：凡命有食遇枭，犹尊长之制我，不得自由，作事进退悔懒，有始无终，财源屡成屡败，容貌欹斜，身品琐小，胆怯心虚，凡事无成，克害六亲，幼时克母，长大伤妻子。赋云：倒食者，名为偏印，号曰枭神，值身旺而财丰福厚，遇刑煞则寿夭身贫，财星若见，披星带月不停留，煞星若生，驰担息肩无定日，身弱重逢偏印，须愁颜子之伤，正食若遇枭神，未免韩信之祸，始遇者精神慵懒，重犯者容貌欹斜。《万祺赋》云：枭神见官煞，多成多败，偏印遇财曜，反辱为荣，身旺为贵，身弱乃常，有伤官而平生丰润，值食神则处世伶仃。古诗云：印星偏者是枭神，柱内最喜见财星，身旺遇此方为福，身衰枭旺更无情。如丙戌、丙申、甲戌、壬申，甲见丙食，又见壬倒食，甲生申月受煞制无气，二丙窃气，壬水制丙，煞得施行，故无名利。
又如壬申、壬子、甲戌、丙寅，会印归禄，水精火神之妙，木火通明之象。
又，己未、壬申、甲子、丙寅，以煞化印，归禄得秀，木火通明，水木清奇。
二命俱大贵。前忌倒食，逢制合反贵，切不可一见倒食，便以凶论。
"Reverse Eating" refers to the Partial Seal, also known as the "Devouring and Swallowing Kill" 🌪️, and is the most dreaded killing star that can appear for the Eating God. For example, Jia Wood takes Bing Fire as its Eating God 🔥. Fire can generate Earth (Jia Wood's Wealth), and strong Earth generates Metal (Jia Wood's Officer). A strong Eating God thus brings both Wealth and Officer. However, if Jia Wood encounters Ren Water 🌊 as Reverse Eating, strong Ren Water overcomes Bing Fire 🔥. Once Bing is overcome, it cannot generate Earth, leading Jia Wood to have no Wealth. Ren Water also combines with Ding Fire, the Injury Officer, which harms Jia Wood's Xin Metal Officer Star, leaving it without an Officer. After Ren overcomes Bing, the Geng Kill (Seven Kill) gains power and overcomes Jia Wood 🌳, causing disaster. This illustrates the principle of "using the Eating God but fearing to see Reverse Eating."
Those whose fate carries Reverse Eating typically have shallow blessings and short lifespans. However, if there is a restraining or combining mechanism (e.g., specific Five Element interactions of overcoming or combining within the stem-branch combinations), Reverse Eating can conversely bring fortune. For example:
A fate carrying the Eating God meeting the Owl Spirit (Reverse Eating) is like being constrained by elders, leaving one without freedom: hesitant and indecisive in actions, lazy and indolent, starting things but not finishing them; financial resources are repeatedly gained and lost 💸, appearance is not upright, stature is short, one is timid and insecure, and everything is difficult to accomplish; it harms the Six Relatives, harming the mother in childhood, and harming wife and children in adulthood.
The Fu states: Reverse Eating (Partial Seal) is named the Owl Spirit. If encountered when the body is strong, it brings abundant wealth and thick fortune ⚖️; if encountering punishment or killing stars, it brings a short life and a poor body; seeing the Wealth Star leads to toil and奔波; seeing the Killing Star leads to drifting and instability; if the body is weak and meets the Partial Seal again, the worry is like having a short life; if the proper Eating God meets the Owl Spirit, disaster is unavoidable; upon first encounter, the spirit is weary and listless; encountering it heavily distorts the appearance.
The Wan Qi Fu adds: The Owl Spirit seeing the Officer and Kill Stars leads to many successes and many failures; the Partial Seal encountering the Wealth Star turns humiliation into honor; strong body brings nobility, weak body brings ordinariness; having the Injury Officer means a rich and comfortable life; encountering the Eating God brings loneliness and hardship.
An ancient poem summarizes: The Partial Seal is the Owl Spirit; within the pillars, it is auspicious to see the Wealth Star. A strong body is a blessing 🌱; a weak body with a strong Owl brings ruthlessness.
Example: Bing-Xu, Bing-Shen, Jia-Xu, Ren-Shen. Jia Wood sees Bing Fire as its Eating God 🔥 and also sees Ren Water as Reverse Eating 🌊. Jia is born in the Shen month, controlled and Qi-less due to the Kill. The two Bings steal Qi. Ren Water restrains Bing, allowing the Killing Star to gain power. Therefore, there is no fame or profit.
Another example: Ren-Shen, Ren-Zi, Jia-Xu, Bing-Yin. The Seal converges and returns to the Lu position. Water essence and Fire spirit aid each other 🌊🔥, an image of Wood and Fire illuminating each other 🌳✨.
Yet another example: Ji-Wei, Ren-Shen, Jia-Zi, Bing-Yin. The Kill transforms into a Seal, returning to Lu and obtaining elegance. Wood and Fire illuminate each other 🌳🔥, Water and Wood are pure and extraordinary 🌊🌳.
Both of the latter two destinies are greatly noble. The first example feared Reverse Eating, but encountering restraint and combination turned it to nobility, illustrating that one cannot judge it as inauspicious upon merely seeing Reverse Eating ⚠️.
Core Concept 💡 Reverse Eating (Partial Seal) is essentially the nemesis of the Eating God, destroying the Wealth-Officer pattern and triggering disaster. However, through Five Element restraint and combination (e.g., Earth overcomes Water, Fire generates Earth), the inauspicious killing force can be transformed into auspicious assistance, embodying the dialectical view of "auspiciousness hidden within inauspiciousness."
Modern Interpretation 🌟 In modern society, Reverse Eating symbolizes obstacles or resource competition in life (e.g., workplace suppression, health crises). "Restraint and Combination" corresponds to risk management—for example, resolving conflicts through teamwork (Earth restrains Water) or skill enhancement (Fire generates Earth). Those with a strong body (strong stress resistance) encountering Reverse Eating may have their potential stimulated; those with a weak body need to be wary of chain reactions.
Practical Value ⚡ In Bazi analysis, evaluating Reverse Eating requires considering:
Philosophical Reflection 🤔 This reveals the dynamic balance of Yin and Yang: what seems like an inauspicious killing force (Reverse Eating), when harmonized, can become an aid, echoing the survival wisdom of "crisis is opportunity." Modern society emphasizes adaptability—personal growth requires accepting adversity and achieving transformation through resource integration.
Related Concepts:
Further Reading:
Modern Research: