Chapter 41 of 46
五行精纪
Human beings are nurtured by the energies of the Five Elements (Wu Xing). The differences in physical beauty or ugliness and the softness or rigidity of inner temperament all stem from the varying combinations of Metal, Wood, Water, Fire, and Earth. Below are the specific influences of the Five Elements on appearance and temperament:
Metal ⚔️: Governs the coordination of bones and muscles. The face is broad at the top and narrow at the bottom, with high eyebrows, deep-set eyes, a flat forehead, a broad Yintang (the area between the eyebrows), a slightly curved nose bridge, and reddish ears. The voice is clear and pleasant. The personality is resolute and decisive, valuing righteousness and demonstrating strong initiative. If the Metal element is in a state of decay (死绝), the facial features become sharp, the eyes appear deeply dark, and the person may exhibit a cruel and malicious nature, prone to indulging in desires or violence, lacking decisiveness and appearing clumsy.
Wood 🌳: The body is tall and slender, with delicate bones and soft skin. The mouth is small and pointed, the philtrum is long, the hair and beard are well-groomed, and the hands and feet are tender. The tone of voice is gentle and soft, and the skin tone tends to be bluish. It turns reddish when influenced by Fire and pale when influenced by Metal. In a prosperous state (生旺), the person is benevolent, courageous, and principled. In a state of decay, the eyebrows and eyes may appear crooked, the person may be stingy and petty, with dry skin, a slender neck, a prominent Adam’s apple, and an unsteady posture, often leaning to one side.
Water 🌊: Thick eyebrows and large eyes, a curved nose bridge and a round face, a flat crown of the head, and a soft voice. In a prosperous state, the skin tone is dark; when constrained, it turns yellowish-white. Movements are agile and swift, with a tendency to sway the head and waist while walking. The temperament is broad-minded but occasionally impatient. In a prosperous state, the person is open-minded and generous; in a state of decay, they may become sinister and cunning. If accompanied by malevolent influences, there may be a tendency toward conspiracy and subversion.
Fire 🔥: The face is pointed at the top and broad at the bottom, with a narrow Yintang, exposed nostrils, lively eyes, a fast-paced speech, and an anxious tone. The skin tone fluctuates between bluish and reddish. The person tends to shake their knees when sitting and appears restless when standing. They are sharp and efficient in handling matters. In a state of decay, the body becomes thin, short, and yellowish. The personality is intelligent but prone to jealousy and malice, often starting things without finishing them and acting impulsively. If supported by noble influences, they may exhibit great wisdom.
Earth ⛰: The body is plump, with a rounded back and broad waist. The nose is large, the mouth is square, the eyes are long, and the eyebrows are elegant. The face is as square as a wall, and the skin tone is yellowish-white. The personality is steady and sincere, with cautious and deliberate actions. In a state of decay, the face appears sorrowful, the nose bridge is low and flat, the face is narrow, the voice is deep and muddled, and the person may be stubborn, isolated, stingy, and resentful, finding it difficult to tolerate others.
The characteristics of the Five Elements must be interpreted in combination with the auspicious or inauspicious influences (神煞) in one's destiny and the state (生, 旺, 死, 绝) of the Na Yin Five Elements (纳音五行) based on the day and hour. Although the combinations of Heavenly Stems (天干相合) all represent unions, their emotional natures differ:
The Five Elements theory reveals that human appearance and temperament are manifestations of natural energies (Metal, Wood, Water, Fire, and Earth). The combinations of Heavenly Stems further deepen the dynamic balance of interpersonal interactions, emphasizing how the internal state of the Five Elements (prosperity or decay) and external influences (神煞) collectively shape one’s destiny.
The Five Elements theory is essentially a cosmic view of "harmony between humanity and nature": individuals, as microcosms, reflect the macrocosmic natural laws in their physical and temperamental changes. This holistic perspective opposes mechanical determinism and emphasizes dynamic balance and potential development—decay is not an endpoint but an opportunity for transformation.
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