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Capítulo 56 de 78
黄帝内经·素问
Overall Paraphrase
This chapter discusses the relationship between the skin sections (the body-surface regions divided according to the meridians) and the meridians and viscera.
The Yellow Emperor asked: I have heard that the skin has its divisions, the meridians have their longitudinal guiding principles, the sinews have their accumulations and connections, and the bones have their measures of length. The disorders they govern are each different—how can one distinguish the upper and lower, left and right, and the locations of yin and yang within these divisions, as well as the course of disease from beginning to end? I wish to hear the underlying principle explained.
Qi Bo replied: To understand the skin sections, one must take the meridians as the guiding framework, and this applies equally to all meridians.
The yang-collateral skin section of the Yangming meridian is called "Hai Fei," and the same applies to both hand and foot meridians. Observing the floating collaterals (the small superficial vessels visible on the surface) within this area, they all belong to the collaterals of the Yangming meridian. If the floating collaterals are greenish, they mostly indicate pain; if blackish, they mostly indicate bi syndrome (blockage); if yellow-red, they mostly indicate heat; if whitish, they mostly indicate cold; and if the five colors appear mixed, they mostly indicate mixed cold-heat. When pathogenic qi in the collaterals is exuberant, it will transmit into the main meridian; yang collaterals govern the exterior, while yin collaterals govern the interior.
The yang-collateral skin section of the Shaoyang meridian is called "Shu Chi," and the same applies to both hand and foot meridians. Observing the floating collaterals that appear within this area, they all belong to the collaterals of the Shaoyang meridian. When pathogenic qi in the collaterals is exuberant, it will transmit into the main meridian. Therefore, disease pathogens in the yang region easily penetrate inward, while those in the yin region may also emerge outward and then seep inward—this pattern applies to all meridians.
The yang-collateral skin section of the Taiyang meridian is called "Guan Shu," and the same applies to both hand and foot meridians. Observing the floating collaterals that appear within this area, they all belong to the collaterals of the Taiyang meridian. When pathogenic qi in the collaterals is exuberant, it will transmit into the main meridian.
The yin-collateral skin section of the Shaoyin meridian is called "Shu Ru," and the same applies to both hand and foot meridians. Observing the floating collaterals that appear within this area, they all belong to the collaterals of the Shaoyin meridian. When pathogenic qi in the collaterals is exuberant, it will transmit into the main meridian. When it transmits into the meridian, it enters from the yang-collateral region into the meridian; when it emerges, it seeps from the yin interior inward to the bones.
The yin-collateral skin section of the Heart Governor (the Pericardium meridian of Hand Jueyin) is called "Hai Jian," and the same applies to both hand and foot meridians. Observing the floating collaterals that appear within this area, they all belong to the collaterals of the Heart Governor meridian. When pathogenic qi in the collaterals is exuberant, it will transmit into the main meridian.
The yin-collateral skin section of the Taiyin meridian is called "Guan Zhe," and the same applies to both hand and foot meridians. Observing the floating collaterals that appear within this area, they all belong to the collaterals of the Taiyin meridian. When pathogenic qi in the collaterals is exuberant, it will transmit into the main meridian. The skin regions distributed on the body surface by the collaterals of the twelve meridians constitute the twelve skin sections.
Therefore, when all diseases first arise, they invariably first attack the skin and hair. When external pathogens invade, they cause the cou li (the striae and interstices of the skin and muscles, serving as the gates for qi and fluids) to open, and then enter the collaterals. If they linger without being dispelled, they transmit into the meridians. If they linger further, they transmit into the six bowels and accumulate in the stomach and intestines. When pathogens first invade the skin and hair, there will be slight chills, raising of the body hair, and opening of the striae. When they enter the collaterals, the collaterals become congested and their color changes. When they enter the meridians, if the proper qi is deficient, the pathogens will sink inward. If the pathogens remain between the sinews and bones, an excess of cold causes the sinews to contract and the bones to ache; an excess of heat causes the sinews to slacken and the bones to waste, the flesh to wither, the muscular prominences to break down, and the hair to become dry and brittle.
The Yellow Emperor asked: What are the manifestations of disease in the twelve skin sections you mentioned? Qi Bo replied: The skin is the region to which the meridians are assigned. When pathogens invade the skin, the striae open, and the pathogens enter the collaterals. When the collaterals are full of pathogens, they pour into the meridians. When the meridians are full, the pathogens transmit and settle in the viscera. Therefore, the skin has its divisions. When pathogens are on the surface and are not interrupted in time, they will transmit inward and give rise to major illness. The Yellow Emperor said: Well spoken.
Bu Gua's Note: This content is based on classical Chinese medical texts and is intended solely for the study of traditional culture; it does not constitute any medical diagnosis, medication, or treatment advice. If you feel unwell, please seek medical attention promptly.